| 652 AD 962-1030 - Islamic era established with the Ghaznavid Dynasty (962-1140)
- Afghanistan becomes the center of Islamic power and civilization.
1030-- - Mahmud Ghazni dies.
- Conflicts between various Ghaznavid rulers arise and as a result the empire starts to crumple.
1140-- - Ghorid leaders from central Afghanistan capture and burn Ghazni, then move on to conquer India.
1219-1221 -- - Invasion of Afghanistan by Genghis Khan
- Destruction of Irrigation systems by Genghis Khan, which turned fertile soil into permanent deserts.
1273 - Marco Polo crossed Afghan Turkistan
1332-1370 - Descendants of earlier Ghorid rulers reassert control over Afghanistan.
1370-1404 - The rule of Timour-i-Lang (Tamerlane)
1451-- - An Afghan named Buhlul invades Delhi, and seizes the throne. He finds the Lodi dynasty.
1504-1519 - Babur, founder of the Moghul dynasty takes control of Kabul
1520-1579 - Bayazid Roshan (Afghan intellectual) revolts against the power of the Moghul government. Roshan was killed in a battle with the Moghuls in 1579--but his struggle for independence continued.
1613-1689 - Khushhal Khan Khattak (Afghan warrior-poet) initiates a national uprising against the foreign Moghul government.
1708 - Mir Wais (forerunner of Afghan independence) makes Kandahar independent of Safavid Persia that had ruled it since 1622.
1715-- - Mir Wais dies peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar.
1722-- - Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and occupies Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis revolt, and terminate the Persian occupation of Herat.
1725-- - (April 25)--Mir Mahmud is mysteriously killed after going mad.
- Afghans start to lose control of Persia.
1736-- - Nadir Shah (head of Persia) occupies southwest Afghanistan, and southeast Persia.
1738-- - Nadir Shah takes Kandahar.
1747-- - Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. Afghans, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali retake Kandahar, and establish modern Afghanistan.
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